The time zone converter takes a time in one place and shows what the clock reads in another. The UAE end of the calculation is the easy end: Gulf Standard Time is UTC+4 all year, daylight saving has never been operated here, and the offset does not move. There is no summer label and no winter label — the time in Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Sharjah is described the same way in January as in July.
Every seasonal change in the difference therefore comes from the other side of the conversion. London is three hours behind the UAE in its summer and four in its winter; New York is eight and then nine; central Europe is two and then three. The switch happens on their date, not ours, and because those dates do not coincide there are stretches in March, in late October and in early November when the difference you memorised is wrong by an hour. A recurring meeting fixed once and left alone drifts out of position at every one of those changeovers.
Nearer to hand the picture is stable. Oman shares UTC+4 exactly; Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and Iraq sit an hour behind at UTC+3; Pakistan is an hour ahead, India an hour and a half, China and Singapore four, Japan five. None of those countries operates daylight saving either, so those gaps hold all year. Times are shown on the 12-hour clock with lowercase am and pm, which is how they are written locally, with the 24-hour form alongside.
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